Examinations of Cognitive Processing of Science Writing Tasks

As neuroscience and neuropsychology gain attention in the wider popular imagination, one has to ask about the impact and influence of these domains on fields such as education andspecifically science education.

Cognitive Processing

Many educators argue that the foundational partner in education is cognitive psychology or perhaps social psychology, however we posit a blending of cognitive psychology and neuroscience would provide greater utility for research and understanding human learning and that education is one of the largest untapped areas of research in neuroscience. This is because ultimately all educational research is constrained by the lack of understanding of structure and function of the human brain. Despite this obvious link between neuroscience, neuropsychology, and education, there is considerable consternation in education as to the practical application of these fields to educational practice. Educational academics claim there are disconnects between education and neuroscience at a fundamental level.

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Shift Work and Neurological Disease

Non-standard work shifts are common in many occupations and until recently were not addressed as a potential occupational hazard. Recent studies have shown workers undertakingnon-standard work periods experience “negative health effects”.

Neurological Disease

These health effects can be categorized as either acute or chronic impacts from a neurological prospective. Acute effects, as examples, include sleep disturbances, postural performance, memory impairment, reduced response, behavioral changes, and dysfunction in thermoregulation. These acute responses can be extended to chronic conditions and also include, as examples, cardiac dysfunction, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, overall increased mortality, increased cancer rates, and peripheral resistance disease. Many of these issues have been suggested to be a result of disturbance in circadian rhythms, including changes in melatonin levels.

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Depressive Symptoms in Japan

Author has explained a brief review about the people in Japan, adults affected by depression. Suicideand depression are believed to be among the most important mental health issues currently facing the youth of Japan.

Depresson

Because suicide usually involves significant depression, early intervention for depressive symptoms is an urgent need. As per Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5, Depressive Disorder has more than five symptoms: Mood disorder, Loss of pleasure, Decrease in body weight, Insomnia, Psychomotor retardation, Loss of energy, Guilty, Loss of concentration and Constant thoughts of death.

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Stress, Burnout and Coping in Health Professionals: A Literature Review

Stress is a theme that has been the target of the most varied studies. It is known that the first research dating back to the beginning of the 20th century and that is a term which hasbeen suffering evolution.

Burnout 

It is considered that the adaptive responses to the agent of stress may be classified as specific or general. The constant progression of fear, was giving origin to the other: Occupational stress, Burnout and Coping. Work is currently one of the main means of survival of individuals as it is with this that occupy a large part of his time. It is also through the work that the individual can achieve self-realization and establish interpersonal relationships. Even so, the evolution of labor markets has increased the competitiveness that adversely affects economic pressure and in the demands that are made to workers.

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The Elephant in the Room: The Case of Re-Categorization of Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury

Traditionally traumatic brain injury based on Glasgow comma scale is classified into mild, moderate and severe category. According to estimate by USA CDC, annually about 5 million persons suffer with traumatic brain injuries, out of which 230,000 gethospitalized and further 50,000 also dies.

Traumatic Brain Injury

Initial evaluation and resuscitation of traumatic brain injury cases on arrival at the hospital and further management is critical for survival and disability reduction as well as initial Glasgow comma score is an important entity for early categorization and further planning of management. One of the limitations in the management of traumatic brain injury is its heterogeneity, becoming a barrier to optimal management. The management and categorization of severe and mild injury categories are well established.

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Neuroimaging in Headache Disorders

The differential diagnosis for headache is one of the longest in all of medicine, with more than 300 types. Most headaches can be diagnosed correctly without any investigations or testing at all.

Headache Disorders

Utilizing a detailed history mostly based on ICHD 3 Beta diagnostic criteria (14 groups and Appendix/Research criteria) and physical and neurological examinations are all that is necessary in daily practice for diagnosis. In some cases, however diagnostic testing is necessary to distinguish primary headaches like migraine or tension from those secondary headaches that have similar features.

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Can Dementia and Creativity coexist?

Regarding creativity in old artists, like Renoir, we can see how creativity stays unscathed and, moreover helps the artists to fight their physical impairments. In the ancienttimes Sophocles used to say: I am growing old and I keep learning.

Dementia

What happens on the other hand if your cognitive capabilities? Is it still possible to speak of creativity in dementia? Dementia is so destabilizing that in his "Satire" Governable writes: "The worst of damages is dementia that makes the old forget the name of his servants, the face of his friend who ate with him the night before and not even that of his children who he gave birth to and who he grew up".

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Thrombolysis in Very Minor Ischemic Stroke (NIHSS=0 or 1)

Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in minor ischemic stroke is controversial and often a minimum score of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)is recommended for thrombolysis. Clinical characteristics, safety and outcome of very minor ischemic stroke (VMIS) treated by IVT were assessed.

Thrombolysis

Data of all patients treated with IVT during the last 5 years were extracted from a prospectively collected database. VMIS was defined as NIHSS=0 or 1 on admission. Baseline demographic data, symptoms, clinical and imaging findings, and outcome of VMIS patients were analyzed. From 2010 to 2014, in total 477 patients were treated with IVT which included 12 VMIS (2.5%) patients. No complication or intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in the VMIS group.

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Behavioral Dysexecutive Syndrome after Stroke

Dysexecutive syndrome (DES) is defined as an impairment of executive functions constituting of two domains: behavioral dysexecutive syndrome (BDES) and cognitive dysexcutive syndrome (CDES) which are not accompanied always. A growing body of studies demonstrated that BDES is a common post-stroke neuropsychiatric comorbidity. The prevalence of BDES instroke survivors varies ranging from 3% to 25% possibly attributed to the lackof standardized diagnosis methods and variances in study sample and study mode.

Stroke

Post-stroke BDES comprises varieties of clinical presentations, the most prevalent of which are anosognosia and hypo activity with apathy-abulia. The clinical course of BDES in stroke population has not yet fully elucidated. Some studies showed that there was only a minor decrease of prevalence of BDES several months after stroke, suggesting the possible chronicity of BDES. Possible clinical correlates of behavioral symptoms in stroke are global cognitive impairment, executive dysfunction, premorbid personality and psychopathology and stroke severity.

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Nanomaterials for Spinal Cord Injury Recovery

Nanotechnology and nanomaterials have had a significant positive impact within the biomedical field for quite some time, and have included cardiovascular, cartilage, and neural tissue engineering applications. Due to its potential for treating neural tissue, current research is investigating the use of nanomaterials forspinal cord injury (SCI), an injury characterized by tissue damage and the disruption of communication between the brain and the body.

Spinal Cord Injury Recovery

To treat such an injury, cell-based therapy has shown promising results, and the following papers are recommended. This communication will focus on nanoparticle, carbon nanotubes, and self-assembling peptide approaches for treating SCI and will also address toxicity concerns. Nanoparticles are popularly used as a drug delivery system, because they are capable of crossing the cell membrane due to their size. Wu et al. have shown that by using nanoparticles composed of ferulic acid modified glycol chitosan, there is an improved circulation time of the particles, and can arrive at both gray and white matter. 

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Estrogen Regulation of Gonadotropin Subunit(GPα, FSHβ, LHβ) mRNA Expression duringSexually Quiescent and Breeding Phases in the Female Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis

Estrogens exert a feedback control on gonadotropin (GtH) secretion at the level of the hypothalamus and pituitary.

In the present study, female catfish were ovariectomized (OVX) for 5 weeks in resting (December-January) and preparatory (March-April) phases and supplemented with estradiol-17β (E2, 0.05 and 0.5 µg/g body mass)

 in 3-week ovariectomized fish to demonstrate the nature of feedback control on expression of pituitary GtH subunit (glycoprotein α - GPα, follicle- stimulating hormone - FSHβ and luteinizing hormone - LHβ) genes.

Plasma steroid hormone (E2, testosterone, P4 and cortisol) levels were monitored concurrently. Plasma levels of E2, testosterone and P4 decreased after OVX but cortisol increased initially but later decreased.

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